After our original parents “transgressed the first commandments”—partaking of the forbidden fruit, which necessitated their expulsion from Eden—God gave more commandments (laws, ceremonies, and ordinances) by which to live, and mortals became “as Gods, knowing good from evil.” Having choices, they learned “whether to do evil or to do good,” God’s commandments directing them to avoid evil and thus avoid the second death (the permanent expulsion from the presence of God after the great last judgment).
Notice that the commandments were given after God had first taught Adam and Eve the plan of redemption. The specifics—the do’s and don’ts—followed the explanation of the larger picture—the plan. Thus, teachers and leaders today are well advised to teach the doctrinal foundation first, with the end in view, then the specific ethical components, the do’s and don’ts, to show how they fit into the plan.
Verses 33–37 teach us to repent, lay claim on the Savior’s mercy, have our sins remitted, and enter into his rest (“the fulness of his glory”; D&C 84:24). The key to achieving that fulness of glory is noted in every one of those five verses: not to harden your heart, but keep it soft, pliable, and receptive.
The “first provocation” was the transgression of Adam and Eve. The “last provocation” is our own, and if we harden our hearts, the consequence is the everlasting destruction of our souls.