Mosiah 23:13–14 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
even so I desire that ye should stand fast in this liberty wherewith ye have been made free and that ye trust no man to be a king over you and also [trusting 1ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQS|trust RT] no one to be your teachers nor your ministers except he be a man of God walking in his ways and keeping his commandments

Here the earliest text has a detached participial clause. The 1920 LDS edition changed the present participle trusting to trust, the base form of the verb. This occurrence of trust could be interpreted either as an imperative (“and also / trust no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”) or as the head of a conjoined verb phrase, equivalent to “and also [that ye] trust no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”.

It is possible that the occurrence of the present participle trusting may be an error that resulted from the two present participial forms that follow: “except he be a man of God walking in his ways and keeping his commandments”. There is evidence in the manuscripts that a present participial verb form can be accidentally introduced into the text:

In the second of these cases (Alma 2:27), there is a nearby present participial verb form, being, that could have served as the source for scribe 2 of 𝓟’s comeing.

Another possible emendation in Mosiah 23:14 would be to eliminate the conjunction and that precedes also trusting: “and that ye trust no man to be a king over you / also trusting no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”. If this were the original text for this passage, then an extra and must have been accidentally introduced into the text during its early transmission. The text has two other present participial clauses where the verb form is trusting, but both of these are properly attached to the preceding text:

Neither of these examples have an also or any other adverbial element before trusting. Moreover, the verb trust is not repeated in either of these examples, as it is in Mosiah 23:14 (“and that ye trust no man to be a king over you and also trusting no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”). Despite the evidence for making some kind of emendation here in Mosiah 23:14, there is also evidence elsewhere in the text in support of the earliest reading (“and also trusting no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”):

In the example in Mosiah 28:20, it is marginally possible that the present participle commanding may be an error in anticipation of the following handing (in 𝓟 there is about one and a half manuscript lines between the two participial forms). On the other hand, no such influence can be proposed for the two other examples. All three examples suggest that the original text of the Book of Mormon could have a final, but detached, present participial clause connected by means of an and to a preceding main clause. Clearly, this construction is difficult for modern English readers. In fact, all four of them are no longer found in the standard LDS text: one was removed by Joseph Smith in his editing for the 1837 edition, another in the 1852 LDS edition, and the two others in the 1920 LDS edition.

The critical text will restore the four occurrences in the earliest text of the detached present participial clause. Such usage appears to be intended, despite its difficulty for modern English readers.

Summary: Restore the original present participial clause in Mosiah 23:14 (“and also trusting no one to be your teachers nor your ministers”); the disconnected usage here is difficult but apparently intended since it is found a number of times in the earliest text.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 3

References