1 Nephi 17:11 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
and it came to pass that I Nephi did make [Bellowses 01|bellowses A|a bellows BCDEFGHIJKLMNOQRT|bellows PS] wherewith to blow the fire of the skins of beasts and after that I had made [bellowses 0A|Bellowses 1|a bellows BCDEFGHIJKLMNOQRT|bellows PS] that I might have wherewith to blow the fire I did smite two stones together that I might make fire

The double plural bellowses is grammatically unacceptable in standard English. There have been two solutions in editing the Book of Mormon text: one is to say that Nephi made a bellows and the other is that Nephi made bellows (which is equivalent to ‘some bellows’). The first option appeared in the 1837 edition (but was not marked by Joseph Smith in the printer’s manuscript), and the other option first appeared in the 1908 RLDS edition. Since the original bellowses implies ‘some bellows’, the best grammatical solution is to use simply bellows. Obviously, the original text intended the double plural bellowses, which is how the critical text will read.

Historically, bellows is a plural but has been construed as a singular. Thus both a bellows and bellowses have resulted; and, according to the Oxford English Dictionary (under bellows), these two forms continue dialectally. The first grammatical revision (as a bellows in the 1837 edition) can thus be considered just as ungrammatical as bellowses. The OED also points out that gallows has developed in the same way dialectally (namely, as a gallows and gallowses).

Summary: Restore the original double plural bellowses in 1 Nephi 17:11; the best grammatical revision would be to replace bellowses with bellows, without the indefinite article a.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 1

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